Journal of Health Management and Pharmacy Exploration
<div class="n6owBd awi2gc" style="font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px #0a0a0a;" data-sfc-cp="" data-sfc-root="c" data-sfc-cb="" data-hveid="CAAIBRAA" data-complete="true" data-processed="true" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);">Dear Authors, Reviewers, and Readers, <div class="n6owBd awi2gc" style="font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px #0a0a0a;" data-sfc-cp="" data-sfc-root="c" data-sfc-cb="" data-hveid="CAAIBhAA" data-complete="true" data-processed="true" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);">To improve our editorial services and journal management, please be informed that <strong class="Yjhzub" style="font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px #0a0a0a;" data-sfc-root="c" data-sfc-cb="" data-complete="true" data-processed="true" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);">effective from Volume 4 Number 2, 2026 , our official website has migrated to a new address: johmpe.shmpublisher.com Journal of Health Management and Pharmacy Exploration (JOHMPE) P-ISSN: 2985-4814 | e-ISSN: 2985-5543 is a journal that contains research material related to health management and pharmacy. Articles devoted to discussing any and all aspects of the most recent and noteworthy advancements in the fields of the development of health management science and pharmacy is possible to get the benefits of the application in life, especially from the perspective of the community, educational, and health institutions. The JOHMPE accepts manuscripts that are closely related to the health sector, including research articles, systematic reviews, and meta analyses. Submit your paper now through Online submission ONLY. Published every six months, in February and August. However, authors can submit their work to JOHMPE at any time throughout the year, as the submission process is continuous. The JOHMPE has been indexed by Google Scholar, Crossref, Copernicus, Dimensions, and BASE. The journal is a Gold Open Access journal, online readers don't have to pay any fee.
Formulation and antifungal activity test of ethanol extract of cashew leaves (anacardium occidentale l.) gel for thrush against candida albicans fungus
Cashew leaves (Anacardium occidentale L.) contain bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which exhibit potential antifungal activity against Candida albicans. This study aimed to formulate a canker sore gel containing ethanol extract of cashew leaves and to evaluate its antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The extract was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol. Gel formulations were prepared at concentrations of 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. Physical evaluations included organoleptic properties, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, spreadability, and adhesiveness. Antifungal activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method, with 2.2% nystatin as the positive control and the gel base as the negative control. All formulations met the requirements for a good gel preparation, exhibiting a semi-solid consistency, brownish-green color, characteristic odor, and homogeneous texture. The viscosity ranged from 120–250 dPas, and the pH was 6, indicating suitability for oral mucosal application. Inhibition zones against Candida albicans were 10.3 mm, 11.6 mm, and 12.3 mm for the 5%, 7.5%, and 10% formulations, respectively. The 7.5% and 10% formulations demonstrated strong antifungal activity. Statistical analysis revealed that concentration variation significantly affected antifungal activity (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed between the 5% formulation and the 7.5% and 10% formulations, whereas no significant difference was found between the 7.5% and 10% formulations. Cashew leaf ethanol extract can be formulated into an effective canker sore gel, with the optimal antifungal activity observed at concentrations of 7.5%–10%.
Telif Hakkı (c) 2026 Journal of Health Management and Pharmacy Exploration
Antibacterial nardus grass kombucha (cymbopogon nardus (l.) rendle) against staphylococcus epidermidis and propionibacterium acnes
The bacteria Propionibacterium acnes (PA) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) cause acne vulgaris, an infection marked by inflammation in the sebaceous glands, as well as obstruction and accumulation of keratinous components. Kombucha contains antimicrobial chemicals, among other components. The active components' antibacterial properties should be strengthened by the addition of Nardus grass. Finding the most ideal concentration and the efficiency of Nardus grass kombucha in suppressing PA and SE bacteria were the goals of this investigation. The Kirby-Bauer antibacterial testing method was used to test Nardus grass kombucha against PA and SE bacteria after it had fermented for 14 days at concentrations of 70%, 80%, and 90%. ANOVA and SPSS software were used to analyze the data. According to the test results, the development of clean zones demonstrated that Nardus grass kombucha at all concentrations may stop bacterial growth. At 70%, 80%, and 90% concentrations, the inhibition zones' average diameters against PA bacteria were 16.60 mm, 18.53 mm, and 20.96 mm, respectively. At the same doses, the inhibition zones for SE bacteria were 15.40 mm, 16.30 mm, and 17.53 mm. The results of the study showed that nardus grass kombucha can inhibit PA and SE bacteria, with 90% being the ideal concentration.
Analysis of knowledge and attitudes toward the practice of using whitening creams among female adolescents at SMA negeri 1 binongko
The use of facial whitening creams among adolescent girls is often carried out without adequate understanding of the active ingredients contained in the products, including the risks of hazardous substances such as mercury and hydroquinone. Lack of attention to cosmetic product legality has contributed to the widespread use of products without official distribution permits. This research was conducted to examine the levels of knowledge and attitudes related to the practice of using whitening cream among female students at SMA Negeri 1 Binongko. This research employed a quantitative observational method with a descriptive analytic approach and a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling based on predetermined inclusion criteria. The sample consisted of 56 students calculated using the Slovin formula. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire that had been tested for validity using Pearson correlation and reliability using Cronbach’s Alpha. Data were processed using chi-square analysis with SPSS version 27 software. The results showed that most respondents had a low level of knowledge (76.8%), but demonstrated high positive attitudes (87.5%) and good practices in using whitening cream (76.8%). The chi-square test indicated no significant relationship between knowledge and practice (p = 0.989), while a significant relationship was found between attitude and practice (p = 0.001). This study suggests the need for continuous educational programs in schools to enhance adolescents’ awareness of the importance of choosing safe and legally registered cosmetic products. Further research is recommended to explore additional factors such as social media influence, family roles, and psychological aspects in decision-making related to cosmetic use.
Standardization of ethanol extracts from pomegranate fruit peels (punica granatum l.) using the reflux method
Pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.) is known to contain various active secondary metabolite compounds that have potential in the field of pharmacy. To ensure the quality, safety, and consistency of extracts as raw materials for traditional medicines, a standardization process is required that includes specific and nonspecific parameters. This study aims to standardize pomegranate peel extract and identify the active compounds it contains. Extraction was performed using the reflux method with 96% ethanol solvent. The specific parameters tested included organoleptic properties, water-soluble and ethanol-soluble extract levels, and identification of active compounds through phytochemical testing. The results showed that pomegranate peel extract met the quality standards for extracts with good specific and non-specific characteristics. The extract yield was 12.76%. The results of testing the non-specific parameters of water content, drying loss, ash content, and acid-insoluble ash content were 3.12%, 1.24%, 0.33%, and 0.19%, respectively. Specific standardization includes water-soluble extract content of 3.2% and ethanol-soluble extract content of 4.4%. Phytochemical testing of the extract showed the presence of active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, quinones, and steroids.
Effectiveness of extract and fraction of robusta coffee beans (coffea canephora) against streptozotosin-nicotinamide induced blood glucose levels of male white mice
Robusta coffee bean have compounds flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and tannins. This compound has the benefit of being an antihyperglycemic which plays a role in inhibiting absorption glucose, preventing the formation of AGEs chains, and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the robusta coffee bean fraction which is effective in reducing blood glucose levels in STZ-NA induced mice. Research conducted is experimental research. Using 30 mice aged 2-3 months with a body weight of 18-25 g and grouped into 6 groups, that is group I negative streptozotocin 5.6 mg/kg weight and nicotinamide 15.4 mg/kg weight, group II positive control was given glibenclamide 0.65 mg/kg weight, Group III was given robusta coffee bean extract 400 mg/kg weight Group IV was given the n-hexane fraction of 42 mg/kg weight, group V was given the ethyl acetate fraction of 38 mg/kg weight, group VI was given the water fraction of 216 mg/kg weight. The data has been analyzed and after 21 days of observation it was found that the ethyl acetate fraction and robusta coffee bean extract decreased blood glucose levels the same as the decrease in blood glucose levels in the positive group test.
Effects of Moringa Leaf Extract on a Mouse Model of Dementia on Spatial Memory, MDA Levels, and Hippocampal Pyramidal Cell Count (CA1 & CA3)
Antioxidants are substances needed by the body to neutralize free radicals and prevent damage caused by free radicals. Moringa leaves contain flavanoids, alkaloids, saponins and tannins that are antioxidants because of their ability to capture free radicals. This study aims to determine the effect of moringa leaf fractions on spatial memory ability using the Radial Arm Maze method, a decrease in malondialdehyde levels and inhibition of damage to the number of hippocampal pyramidal cells in CA1 & CA3 areas. Moringa leaves were extracted using the maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent. Then the ethanol extract of Moringa leaves was fractionated using the liquid-liquid method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water as solvents. Next, the mice were subjected to induction treatment with lead acetate, then observed for 21 days with the Radial Arm Maze, then the mice underwent surgery and their brains were removed for MDA level testing and histopathological observation. Data were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA (p<0.05) followed by Tukey's test. Based on the results obtained, the ethyl acetate fraction, n-hexane fraction and water fraction can influence the improvement of spatial memory by reducing latency time and type B errors, reducing malondialdehyde levels with TBARS and inhibiting damage to CA1 and CA3 hippocampal pyramidal cells which are characterized by pknotic neuron nuclei (shriveled), dark, solid, and vacuolized.
Telif Hakkı (c) 2025 Journal of Health Management and Pharmacy Exploration
Preliminary identification of N-Acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) gene polymorphisms in the dayak population
Polymorphism is a change or mutation in a gene that does not cause a change in the protein structure. The N-Acetyltransferase NAT enzyme is encoded by the N-Acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) gene, the N-Acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) gene, several variations of DNA known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that alter the genotype, haplotype, and phenotype. The NAcetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genotype was classified into three phenotypes, namely fast acetylators, intermediate acetylators, and slow acetylators. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of polymorphism and the type of polymorphism of the NAT2 gene of the Dayak tribe. In this study, blood samples from the Dayak tribe were isolated from the Wizard Genomic DNA Purification kit and then identified Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). With stages 1. Denaturation 2. Anneling and 3. Extension using NAT2 N4 and N5 primers then RFLP with restriction enzymes KpnI, TaqI and BamHI then electrophoresed with 2% agarose gel. The results of the initial identification of the N-Acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) gene polymorphism in the Dayak tribe obtained 5 types of genotypes NAT2*4/*5B (20%), NAT2*4/*6A (33.3%), NAT2*4/*7B (20%), NAT2*5B/5B (13.3%) and NAT2*7B/7B (13.3%). From the phenotype of the Dayak tribe, there are two medium acetylators (73.3%) and slow acetylators (26.3%).
Management physiotherapy for cervical root syndrome with ultrasound, nerve mobilization and exercise: a case report
Cervical Root Syndrome (CRS) is an abnormal condition caused by irritation or compensation of the cervical nerve roots, which can occur due to trauma. Arthritis, or compression of the intervertebral discs in the neck area. This research is to determine the benefits of providing ultrasound (US) modalities, nerve mobilization, isometric exercises, and stretching in CRS cases. The measurements used are pain measurement using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Range of Motion (ROM) measurement using a goniometer, muscle strength measurement using Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), and functional activity measurement using the Neck Disability Index (NDI). The research was carried out directly on a patient with CRS condition by administering therapy in three meetings with physiotherapy intervention. After 3 therapy meetings carried out by the physiotherapy program for Cervical Root Syndrome with physiotherapy modalities in the form of US, nerve mobilization, isometric exercises and stretching, significant changes were seen in reducing pain, increasing joint range of motion, muscle strength and functional ability.
Counselling on the correct use of antibiotics to prevent antibiotic resistance and the use of family medicinal plants (toga) for health
A significant increase in the use of antibiotics in the community is often not matched by a proper understanding of their use, potentially leading to antibiotic resistance. This research aims to educate the community about the importance of proper antibiotic use and the utilization of Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA) as alternative medicine. Community service activities were carried out on November 24, 2024 in Salam Mulya Village, Pondok Salam District, Purwakarta Regency, in collaboration with Holistic Purwakarta Hospital. The methods used included education and discussion, with the distribution of brochures containing information on the use of antibiotics and TOGA. The results of the activity showed that the community showed high enthusiasm for the education provided, with 50 participants attending and actively participating in the discussion. The positive response from the community showed an increased understanding of the importance of the correct use of antibiotics and the utilization of herbal medicines. It is hoped that this activity can be continued and developed to increase public awareness about health.
Activity test cream anti aging extract ethanol 70% star fruits leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi l.) on skin new zealand rabbit backs exposed to UV-A light
Skin is an organ that protects humans from external influences. Damage to the skin can interfere with human health and appearance. One of the most feared things is premature aging, the main cause of skin aging and malignant melanoma is the entry of ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun. One of the plants, namely starfruit leaves, has antioxidant content that can change or reduce free radicals and also as an anti-free radical such as flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins. Cream can be used by applying it to the skin of the face to prevent anti aging. Objective: To determine the activity of anti-aging cream of 70% ethanol extract of starfruit leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) on the back skin of New Zealand rabbits exposed to UV-A light. Methodology: Extract starfruit leaves using the maceration method with 70% solvent and make a cream preparation to test anti-aging activity with concentrations of 3%, 5%, and 7%. Results: Formulation 3 with a concentration of 7 % of starfruit leaf extract cream can provide optimal effects as an anti-aging agent when exposed to UV-A rays, seen from the average value which is almost the same as the positive control.
Analysis of the musculoskeletal pain risk profile through observation of work posture in minimarket employees
Musculoskeletal pain refers to the discomfort experienced in the musculoskeletal system as a result of various pain-inducing factors. Musculoskeletal pain is a leading cause of disability and absenteeism in the workplace. The primary causes of declining health among workers include occupational injuries (29.5%), overtime (25.9%), and ergonomic factors (13.7%), significantly influence occupational health and can adversely affect organ function. The study was conducted through observational approach with a cross-sectional design and primary data collected using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire and the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). The study population is mini market employees and sample comprises were employees who fulfil inclusion and exclusion criteria as many as 50 respondents by using non-probability sampling technique. The results of study were obtained that the majority of workers belong to the age group of under 35 years, as many as 49 individuals (98%) and more than half of the respondents are predominantly female, accounting for 52% of the total. Furthermore, the study indicates that the dominant "Very Painful" predilection criterion is most frequently reported in the back and waist of the respondents, accounting for 40% of the total respondents. Next, the majority of minimarket workers exhibit a moderate level of risk in their work posture, with 21 individuals (42%) falling into this category. Based on the results, it is recommended that respondents engage more actively in physical exercise and massage therapy.
Effectiveness and safety of the monoclonal antibody drug lecanemab (Leqembi) in reducing beta-amyloid plaques in alzheimer's dementia: a literature review
Dementia is a syndrome characterized by cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and impaired self-care, with Alzheimer's disease (AD) being the most common cause. The global prevalence of AD is rising and is expected to reach 152 million cases by mid-century, imposing significant public health and economic burdens, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. AD is marked by synapse loss and neuronal atrophy, beginning in the hippocampus and spreading across the cerebral cortex due to β-amyloid plaque and neurofibrillary tangle accumulation, which disrupt neuronal communication and survival. Current treatments, such as memantine and cholinesterase inhibitors, provide only temporary symptom relief without stopping disease progression. Literature was searched using search engines such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, ResearchGate, and NCBI. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in 27 relevant references that explored monoclonal antibody-based therapies and multidisciplinary interventions for AD management. Lecanemab has been shown to reduce amyloid accumulation effectively. However, its use is associated with risks such as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities with edema (ARIA-E) and hemorrhage ARIA-H, particularly in ApoE ε4 carriers. Despite these concerns, recent meta-analyses suggest that lecanemab is generally well-tolerated and offers potential as a cost-effective treatment for AD. Monoclonal antibody therapies, such as lecanemab, provide hope for slowing AD progression. Further research is crucial for developing more effective treatments. A multidisciplinary approach that integrates pharmacological therapies with advanced technologies may offer a more effective strategy for managing AD in the future.
Test of the activity of 96% ethanol extract gel of avocado seeds (Persea americana mill.) on burn wound healing in the back of new zealand rabbits
Avocado seeds contain secondary metabolite compounds in the form of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids and steroids. The mechanism of flavonoids in inhibiting the inflammatory process in burns is through various methods, namely inhibiting capillary permeability, inhibiting the release of serotonin and histamine to the site of inflammation. In this study, avocado seed extract was obtained by maceration method and formulated into a gel preparation with a concentration of 5%, 10% and 15%. The gel base was used as a negative control, and the gel containing 10% placenta extract and 0.5% neomycin sulfate was used as a positive control, applied to burn wounds on the backs of New Zealand rabbits with a diameter of 2 cm. The activity test of avocado seed extract gel was conducted on 3 rabbits, with each formulation applied 3 times, and the wound diameter was measured daily. This test was conducted for ten days. Avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.) contain alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and titerpenoids. The results of observations of the healing and drying process of burns, avocado seed extract gel (Persea americana Mill.) on the 10th day were F1 (5%) wound diameter 0.2 cm, F2 (10%) wound diameter 0.1 cm, F3 (15%) wound diameter 0 cm. Avocado seed extract gel (Persea americana Mill.) with a concentration of 15% can provide the best effect on healing burns.
Optimization of chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate as a carrier system for nanoparticles of ethanol extract of aloe vera (Aloe vera l.) as an antioxidant
Aloe Vera has phenolic active compounds that are proven to have potential antioxidant activity but are sensitive to light, easily oxidized and unstable at high temperatures. To overcome this, aloe vera is formulated into a chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate carrier system. The interaction between chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate for nanoparticle formation is strongly influenced by the ratio of both. The purpose of this study was to obtain the optimal formula of aloe vera extract nanoparticle preparation with chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate carrier system with critical parameters including particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, sorption efficiency and antioxidant activity. Aloe vera was extracted with 96% ethanol using maceration method. Determination of chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate concentration variation using simplex lattice design method. The results of the tests that have been carried out, the characteristics of aloe vera nanoparticle preparations with variations in the concentration of chitosan: sodium tripolyphosphate in runs 2 & 6 have the most optimal formula with the ratio of chitosan: sodium tripolyphosphate = (0.3: 0.1).
Antioxidant and trombolitic activity of etanol extract and fractions of carica culver (Carica pubescens) in vitro
The prevalence of degenerative diseases arising from cell damage and free radicals continues to increase. The reactivity of oxidant compounds that exceed the limit can form a chain reaction capable of damaging parts of blood vessel cells that cause thrombolysis. Carica skin waste (Carica pubescens) has not been widely utilized, carica skin has the potential to have the ability as an antioxidant and thrombolytic. This study aims to determine the potential antioxidant and thrombolytic activity of carica peel. Carica peel samples were extracted by remaceration method using 70% ethanol and then fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water solvents. Antioxidant activity testing was carried out using the DPPH (2.2 Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method and thrombolytic activity with the clot lysis method. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest antioxidant activity compared to ethanol extract and other fractions with an IC50 value of 37.04 ppm with an AAI value of 0.54. The thrombolytic activity test of ethyl acetate fraction is also the highest thrombolytic agent with clot lysis value reaching 46.06% close to the clot lysis value of nattokinase positive control of 52.39%.
Test on the effectiveness of the utilization of binahong leaf extract (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) as an anti-aging cream
Binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) contain flavonoids, essential oils, saponins, alkaloids and steroids/terpenoids. Antioxidant compounds derived from flavonoid function as protection for the skin from direct exposure to sunlight. This research was conducted to determine the stability and physical quality characteristics of the binahong leaf extract cream preparation and the effectiveness of binahong leaf extract as an anti-aging agent. Binahong leaf powder was extracted using the maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. Formulations of binahong leaf ethanol extract is based on a concentration ratio of 3% (F1), 5% (F2) and 10% (F3). The resulting cream is of the vanishing cream (O/A) type. The irritation test was carried out on the back of a rabbit test animal which had first been shaved. Testing the effectiveness of anti-aging cream on the skin was experimental, by inducing UV-A light using light from the Exoterra® daylight basking spot and followed by skin analysis of anti-aging parameters (moisture, skin elasticity and percentage (%) of collagen) using the Skin tool Analyzer EH-900U. Analysis used the paired t-Test, one way ANOVA and Tukey test methods to examine the comparative effectiveness of treatments F1, F2 and F3 as anti-aging creams. The results of the research show that the average stability and physical quality of all anti-aging cream preparations of binahong leaf extract (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) have good results and fall within the established standard requirements. The concentration of binahong leaf extract which has the greatest influence on anti-aging effectiveness of F3 (10%), has the best effect compared to other formulas which is characterized by an increase in the parameters of moisture is 19,05%, elasticity is 27,17% and percent (%) collagen is 20,77%.
Telif Hakkı (c) 2024 Journal of Health Management and Pharmacy Exploration
Comparison of phenolic total ethanol extract of 70% and 96% carrot leaves and antibacterial activity test against Staphylococcus aureus
Carrots (Daucus carota L.) are a plant that is widely used by the community, especially the tubers, while the leaves are not widely used and are only used as waste or animal feed. Carrot leaves contain secondary metabolites such as phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and steroids. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolite compounds that are most abundant in nature. This compound can be used in the pharmaceutical world as an alternative treatment from natural ingredients, one of which is as an antibacterial. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria can cause skin infections such as boils. If it enters the bloodstream, it can cause meningitis or lung infections. This study aims to determine the total phenolic content in carrot leaves extracted with 70% and 96% ethanol solvents and to determine their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Carrot leaf extract is obtained by the maceration method. Total phenolic content was calculated using the Follin-Ciocalteau method. The antibacterial activity test was carried out using an excellent method. The research results showed that the yield of 70% ethanol extract was 17.235% and 96% ethanol extract was 16.053%. The results of testing the phenolic content of 70% ethanol extract of carrot leaves were 44.586 mgGAE/g and the phenolic content of 96% ethanol extract was 34.939 mgGAE/g. The results of the antibacterial activity test of 70% ethanol extract of carrot leaves had an average measurement of the inhibition zone at concentrations of 20%, 30% and 40%, namely 0.175 cm, 0.226 cm and 0.274 cm.
Identification of chemical compounds of 70% ethanol extract of chinese betel leaves (Peperomia pellucida) from blora regency
Indonesia is rich in various plants, one of which is the Chinese Betel (Peperomia pellucida). This study aims to identify the chemical compounds of 70% ethanol extract from Chinese betel leaves in Blora Regency. The identification method is by laboratory observation with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results of the TLC test with the highest or best values are saponins, tannins, triterpenoids which can be seen by looking at the difference between the high points of the stains on the sample and the comparator. The active content in saponins, tannins and triterpenoids functions as a source of antibacterials, increasing the immune system. Flavonoids also have anti-inflammatory content (anti-inflammatory on the skin), as antioxidants and as histamine. Saponins as antibacterials with a mechanism that reacts with porins (transmembrane proteins) on the outer membrane of the bacterial cell wall, forming strong polymer bonds that damage the porins and can inhibit the growth of antibacterials.
Antipyretic activity test of papaya leaf extract (Carica papaya L.) against peptone-induced male white mice
Fever increases body temperature above normal (98.6°F/ 37°C). To treat complaints of fever, antipyretic drugs are given. Papaya leaves are believed to have antipyretic effects. The purpose of this study was to test the antipyretic activity and effective dose of ethanol extract of papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) against peptone-induced mice. The test animals were grouped into 5 groups consisting of group I (negative control) CMC Na 0.5%, group II (positive control) paracetamol drug 65 mg/KgBB mice, group III papaya leaf ethanol extract 140 mg/KgBW mice, group IV papaya leaf ethanol extract 280 mg/KgBW mice, and group V papaya leaf ethanol extract 560 mg/KgBW mice, with peptone fever inducer 10 mL/kgBW subcutaneously. The body temperature of the test animals was observed every 30 minutes for 240 minutes after peroral administration of the preparation, then obtained data on T0, Tdemam and body temperature measurements at each time. The data was then used to calculate the AUC and the average AUC calculation data was analyzed by Shapiro wilk test and One way Anova test. The results of the study of ethanol extract of papaya leaves have antipyretic effects, namely due to the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, and saponins. Papaya leaf ethanol extract has the most effective antipyretic activity, namely a dose of 560 mg/kg BW, which is comparable to the positive control of paracetamol.
The relationship between mother's knowledge and the incidence of stunting in toddlers in polindes, mundar village, south labuan amas district, hulu sungai tengah regency in 2024
Stunting is stunted growth caused by a lack of nutritional intake due to a diet that does not meet long-term needs. South Kalimantan Province is in the top 3 provinces with the highest reduction in stunting (-5.4%) in 2022 based on the SSGI results released by the Indonesian Ministry of Health. Initially in 2021 stunting in South Kalimantan reached 30.0% and in 2022 it decreased by 24.6%. With a figure of 24.6%, reducing stunting is still a priority for South Kalimantan to achieve the target of 14% in 2024. Based on data from the Hulu Sungai Tengah district health service in 2020, the figure was 10%, experiencing a decrease in 2021 with a figure of 9.44%, and in in 2022 there will be an increase of 31.10%. This research is analytical research. With a Cross Sectional approach. The research results showed that the majority of mothers had sufficient knowledge and 21 children were not stunted (33.9%), 9 children were stunted (14.5%), and there was insufficient knowledge with the incidence of stunted children being 13 people (21.0%). and there were 2 children (3.2%) who were not stunted, while there were 0 people (0%) with good knowledge and stunted babies, and 17 people (27.4%) who were not stunted. Based on the results of the chi square test, it was found that there was a relationship between maternal knowledge and the incidence of stunting at the Mundar Village Polindes with a P value = 0.000. It is recommended that the Mundar Village Polindes, South Labuan Amas District, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency further increase health education activities related to health and education for mothers with babies and toddlers about preventing stunting through improving child nutrition.
Comparison of ethyl acetat fracination of ganitrie (Elaeocarpus sphearicus) seeds as anti bacterial of Staphylococcus aureus and determination of total flavonoid content
Infectious disease is a disease coused by the presence pf pathogenic microbes. Stahpylococcus aureus is a gram positive aerobic bacterium that couses phyogenic infections on humans. Antibiotics are the best choise to treat an infections. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of ganitri seed (Elaeocarpus sphearicus) to determine the exstract ratio, the ethyl acetat fractination of ganitri seeds woth a concetration of 35% on the growth of staphylococcus aureus bacteria and to determine the total flavonoid content. Exctraction was carried out by maceration method for 3x24 hours with 96% ethanol as solvent. Exctraction fractination using 2 methods, the first method is using 30% ethanol, cloroform, and ethyl acetat as solvent. The second fractination method uses hot destiled water and ethyl acetat as solvents. The test result of total flavonoid content in ganitri (Elaeocarpus sphearicus) seeds in ethanol exstract were 38.009 mgEQ / g, fraction 1 of 99.512 mgEQ / g, fraction 2 of 68.235 mgEQ / g. From the result of the determinatoin of the ethyl acrtat fraction 1 had highest yield with an average value of 99,512 mgEQ/g. The antibacterial activity test was 35% in each sample ang using a positive control of ciprofloxcacin and a negative control of DMSO. Based on the result of the clear zone of the ethanol extract was 1.118 cm, the ethyl acetate 1 fraction was 1.170 cm, and the ethyl acetat 2 fraction was 0,956 cm.
Telif Hakkı (c) 2023 Journal of Health Management and Pharmacy Exploration
Relationship between healthy house and smoking habits with afb (+) pulmonary tuberculosis cases at the singotrunan public health center, Banyuwangi district
Singotrunan Public Health Center has 65 cases of AFB (+) pulmonary TB, which means increased by 22.6% from the previous year. Healthy house and smoking habits are known to be some of the risk factors for pulmonary TB cases. This study aims to analyze the relationship between healthy house and smoking habits with AFB (+) Pulmonary Tuberculosis cases in the working area of the Singotrunan Public Health Center, Banyuwangi District. The method used is analytic research with a case-control type. This research was conducted on 28 samples, consist of 14 from the case group and 14 from the control group in the working area of the Singotrunan Health Center. Data were obtained from assessments using observation sheets and interviews using questionnaires. The data obtained were analyzed univariably using tabulation and bivariably using the Chi Square test using the Odds Ratio value to determine the dynamics of the independent and dependent variables. The results of the Chi Square test showed that there is a significant relationship between healthy houses (pvalue = 0.022) and smoking habits (pvalue = 0.002) with AFB pulmonary TB cases (+). The Odds Ratio value shows that unhealthy homes have a 6.6 times higher risk and smoking increases the risk 15 times higher for being diagnosed with AFB (+) Pulmonary TB. In conclusion, healthy homes and smoking habits have the potential to increase the risk of AFB (+) Pulmonary TB in the working area of the Singotrunan Public Health Center, Banyuwangi District.
Differences in drug availability levels before and during the covid19 pandemic in the pharmaceutical installation of NTB provincial hospital
Health services are now increasingly needed during the COVID-19 pandemic which threatens public health. The need for public medicines that must be available such as flu, cough, vitamin c, antibiotics and antimalarials and antivirals for health services makes hospitals must try to fulfil and currently the COVID-19 pandemic situation is still continuing so hospitals must be ready to provide health services to patients.This study aims to determine the differences in drugs in the Pharmacy Installation of the NTB Provincial Hospital before the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019 and during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. This study is a descriptive-evaluative study with retrospective data collection in 2019 which represents the period before the COVID-19 pandemic and 2020 which represents the COVID-19 pandemic. The samples used in the study consisted of drug data from the Pharmacy Installation of the NTB Province Regional General Hospital (RSUD) and were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results obtained are the level of drug availability in the pharmaceutical installation of the NTB Provincial Hospital obtained based on the results of observing data in 2019 and 2020, namely 19 and 37 months. There is a significant difference (Asymp. Sig (2-tailed) 0.000) the level of drug availability in the Pharmacy Installation of the NTB Provincial Hospital before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 with a difference of 18 months.
Phytochemical contents and diuretic activity of ethanolic extract of the red leaf lettuce (Lactuca Sativa l.)
This study was conducted to evaluated of phytochemical content and diuretic activity of the red leaf lettuce. Red leaf lettuce were extracted by cold maceration method using 70% ethanol for the 3 days and remaceration for 1 days. The phytocemical content in ethanolic extract were evaluated by qualitatif method. A total of 25 male rats were divided into 5 groups with CMC Na, a standard drug (furosemide 10 mg/kg), and three different doses (200, 300, and 400 mg/kg) of ethanol extract. Parameters used to determine diuresis activity include first urine latency, urine pH and cumulative urine volume. The ethanolic extract induced diuresis in a dose dependent manner as compared to the negative control. Extracts at doses of 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg produced significant diuresis effects (p<0.05) compared to negative controls with values of diuretic action 1.35; 1.43; and 1.53, respectively. In addition, there was a slightly change in the pH of urine samples of the extract-treated group compared with the negative control. Phytochemicals analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins.
Potential of purple eggplant skin fraction (Solanum Melongena Var. Serpentinum L.) as an in vitro sunscreen
Sunscreen is a product that is used as skin protection against sun exposure. The skin of purple eggplant is known to contain secondary metabolites which are used as sunscreens. This study aims to determine the activity of sunscreen fraction of the purple eggplant (Solanum melongena var. serpentinum L.) in vitro. Testing of sunscreen activity was carried out by calculating the value of SPF (Sun Protection Factor), %TE (Percent Transmission of Erythema) and %TP (Percent Transmission of Pigmentation) using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method. The purple eggplant skin fractionation method is by using LVC (Liquid Vacuum Chromatography). The results of the fractionation were identified using phytochemical screening and combined TLC. The fraction results were tested for SPF (Sun Protection Factor), %TE and %TP values. The results showed that the extract yield was 26.33%. The fractions used are fraction 9; 10; 11; and 12 which showed the same stain after being evaporated, which was a brownish yellow stain with a yield of 21,24%. The purple eggplant skin fraction (Solanum melongena var. serpentinum L.) has SPF, %TE and %TP values with optimal protection at a concentration of 400 ppm with each value obtained being 19; 1.35 and 9.79. The results of the statistical test of the purple eggplant skin fraction showed that the data were normally distributed but not homogeneous. The results of the homogeneity test for each concentration of results showed that the data were not significantly different.
Strategy for improving pharmaceutical services based on SNARS edition 1 at the "X" hospital pharmacy installation in tomohon city
Accreditation is a process of evaluating a hospital by KARS to improve patient safety and evaluate the quality of a hospital. This research was conducted at the "X" Hospital Pharmacy Installation in Tomohon City. To find out the level of conformity of the seven Pharmaceutical Services and Drug Use standards against the 1st Edition of 2018 National Hospital Accreditation Standards and problem solving strategies using a priority scale with the matrix method. The research design is a non-experimental research. analyzed descriptively quantitative and qualitative. The research data were processed in tabular form and repaired with a priority scale of problems using the matrix method. The conformity level of Pharmaceutical Services and Drug Use in the "X" Hospital Pharmacy Installation has not fully met the National Hospital Accreditation Standards. Improvement strategy based on priority scale of problems using the matrix method: Pharmaceutical Services and Drug Use Point 5 Preparation and delivery, Point 4 Prescription and copying, Point 3 Storage, Point 7 Monitoring drug effects, Point 6 Drug Administration, Point 1 Organizing and Point 2 Selection and procurement. Pharmaceutical services in the Pharmacy Installation as a whole are good but there are several points that have not met the standards and must be improved.
Antibacterial activity of flavonoid isolated from jamblang leaves (Syzigium Cumini (L.) Skeels) against Staphylococcus aureus
Jamblang leaves (Syzigium cumini (L.) Skeels) is one type plants used as traditional medicine. Jamblang leaves contain several phytochemical compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, resins, tannins, and oils essential. Flavonoid compounds contained in jamblang leaves have as antibacterial ability. The identification of flavonoid compounds in jamblang leaves and the antibacterial activity of flavonoid compounds against Staphylococcus aureus have been carried out. This study was conducted from jamblang leaves (Syzigium cumini (L.) Skeels) at concentrations of 2%, 4% and 6% against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and to determine the type and structure of flavonoid compounds that have antibacterial activity. The method used for the extraction is remaceration, the separation of compounds using preparative thin layer chromatography while the antibacterial activity test using the pitting method and identification of flavonoid compounds using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Extraction of 500 g of jamblang leaf powder using 96% ethanol resulted in a yield of 22,08%. The results of the study tested the antibacterial activity of flavonoid compounds of jamblang leaves obtained an average of clear zones produced at concentrations of 2%, 4% and 6% consecutively amounting to 0.9540 cm; 1.0540 cm; 1.1583 cm and ciprofloxacin 0.005 % by 1.4077%. Based on statistical analysis of the SPSS program with anava test 1 way obtained the results of significant activity differences between concentrations. Identification of the structure in UV-Vis spectrophotometry shows that flavonoid compounds lead to 3,7,4' trihydroxy flavonol.
Combination of deep breathing relaxation techniques and aromatherapy to reduce pain in patient with thoracic myeloradiculopathy: a case report
Thoracic myeloradiculopathy is a gradual loss of nerve function caused by spinal cord tumor metastases at the thoracic level resulting in pain and reduced sensation or paralysis. Mrs. N, 59 years old with thoracic myeloradiculopathy, has acute pain as the main nursing problem. The patient has been given pharmacological pain management by administering the analgesic paracetamol 3×500 mg. Acute pain in patients with thoracic myeloradiculopathy can occur in all phases of treatment which causes additional days of treatment so it is necessary to provide complementary therapy which can reduce the days of hospitalization. One of the nonpharmacological complementary therapies that have been proven effective in relieving pain in patients with thoracic myeloradiculopathy is a combination of deep breathing relaxation techniques using aromatherapy. Aromatherapy is given to the patient by dripping an essential oil containing Lavandula angustifolia (lavender), Citrus nobilis (mandarin orange), and Origanum majorana (marjoram) onto cotton and inhaled by the patient. Implementation is carried out once during a 7-day treatment period with a duration 0f 20-30 minutes after the patient performs personal hygiene or when going to rest. The evaluation results showed that the patient's pain scale decreased significantly from a score of 4 to a score of 2. Giving a combination of deep breathing relaxation techniques and aromatherapy is effective in reducing pain complaints in patients with thoracic myeloradiculopathy in addition to pharmacological therapy given by the medical team).
Identification of bacterial morphology and catalase coagulation test on propionibacterium acnes bacteria
Infection is a way for microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and fungi to enter the skin which can cause skin problems such as acne. purpose of this study was to determine the morphology of p. acnes by gram staining method, then the catalase test was used to determine the ability of microorganisms to decompose hydrogen peroxide by producing catalase enzymes and coagulase test is a bacterial examination to detect the formation of coagulase enzymes that bind to the bacterial cell wall. The results obtained were that the morphology of the bacteria was in the form of salt and purple in color, the catalase test was positive and the coagulase test was positive. The conclusion obtained was that P. acnes ATCC 11827 was included in the group of gram-positive bacteria based on the results of gram staining and catalase and coagulase tests.
W/O/W type lotion formulation of “arum manis” mango (Mangifera indica L.) pell as antioxidant
Arum manis mango peel contains compounds, namely flavonoids. Flavonoid compounds act as natural antioxidants. The weakness of flavonoid compounds is that they are not stable to the influence of high temperature and light intensity, so that the arum manis mango peel extract is made in the form of lotion type W/O/W. This study aims to determine the physical characteristics and stability of the W/O/W type emulsion form optimum formula in double emulsion preparations and lotion preparations, determine the stability of W/O/W type lotion preparations during storage using the cycling test method and determine the IC50 value in the optimum formula. lotion preparation type W/O/W. The optimum formula for double emulsion type W/O/W is found in formula 5 with a ratio of primary emulsion: secondary emulsion (80%:20%) with span 80 (10%) and tween 20 (5%) concentrations while the optimum formula for lotion preparations found in formula 3 with a ratio of double emulsion type W/O/W: lotion base (80%:20%) with a concentration of stearic acid (5%), cetyl alcohol (2.5%) and glycerin (10%). In the antioxidant activity of lotion preparations, the IC50 value was 136.543 ppm and the stability test on the cycling test method had an unstable form.